Grapes Of Wrath Essays (780 words) - Literature, American Literature

Grapes Of Wrath John Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California February 27th 1902. He was the third of four children and the only son of John Ernst Steinbeck II, manager of a flour mill, and Olive Hamilton Steinbeck, a former teacher. Steinbeck said of his youth, ("We were poor people with a hell of a lot of land which made us think we were rich people, even when we couldn't buy food and were patched.") Steinbeck used the area where he grew up as the setting for many of his stories. He attended Stanford University for a few years. He had to work to pay for his education, and sometimes took off one quarter to pay for the next. (He worked as a clerk in several stores, was a hand in a ranch, and even worked at the Spreckels Sugar Company where he gained knowledge of labor problems he would later write about in The Grapes of Wrath.) Other books by Steinbeck include Of Mice and Men, Tortilla Flat, and Cannery Row. He died in New York City on December 20th 1968. Sinrod 2 A constant theme in our story is the suffering of humans. As F.W. Watt says, (The primary impact of The Grapes of Wrath...is not to make us act, but to make us understand and share a human experience of suffering and resistance.) Steinbeck shows us that his characters, as well as all people must endure suffering as human beings. Humans suffer due to many factors. Religious suffering is one factor which is self imposed. (When we first see Casy he is explaining to Tom Joad how he left preaching, not merely because of the lusts that plagued him, but because religious faith as he knew it seemed to set up codes of behavior which denied human nature its proper and full expression) Religious suffering is perhaps epitomized in Jesus Christ, and Joseph Fontenrose believes the tragic character of Casey is believed to be the symbolic representation of Jesus Christ himself. (Jim Casy's initials are JC, and he retired to the wilderness to find spiritual truth and came forth to teach a new doctrine of love and good works...Casy sacrificed himself for others when he surrendered himself as the man who had struck a deputy Sinrod 3 at Hooverville...Tom told his mother, "I'm talking like Casy," after saying that he would be present everywhere, though unseen...) However the character of Jim Casy goes beyond Christ. While pondering sin and virtue, Casy comes to the enlightening conclusion that people cannot be judged "good" or "bad". ("Maybe it's just the way folks is...There ain't no sin and there ain't no virtue. There's just stuff people do. It's all part of the same thing. And some things folks do is nice, and some ain't nice, but that's as far as any man got a right to say.") Viewing the morality of individuals as dynamic, as opposed to static, provides tremendous freedom for characters such as Tom Jode. He is capable of many different actions throughout the story, including intimidation, guile, support, love, and even murder. Steinbeck wants to show that even a murderer still loves his mother. The mother after all, is holding his family together. (In all the families in crisis, the children look to the women for answers to their immediate survival: "What are we gonna do, Ma? Where are we going to go?") At one point in the story, Tom Jode considers leaving home rather than possibly Sinrod 4 endangering his family, however his mother reminds him that without his family, he has nothing. (There is no question that in this model the mother makes the most important contributions to the family stability.) Placing such importance on family values is not without reasons. Family is all the Jodes have to hold onto in the uncaring world in which they live. It is the only way they survive in the system which thrives on the exploitation of the poor. (The real power of Grapes of Wrath is the savage anger at the impersonal process that uproots men from the land and rapes it...) The best way for the Jodes to gain strength was through groups. Each time a fairly stable group or community was achieved, those in power attempted to destroy the group, effectively taking their strength away. Sylvia Jenkins Cook explains the theme of teamwork... (...a more positive characterization of group behavior emerged...where workers could acquire dignity, strength, and power, all inaccessible to the exploited and impotent individual.) Bibliography John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath, Penguin Books

For Sale vs. On Sale

For Sale vs. On Sale For Sale vs. On Sale For Sale vs. On Sale By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, When do you use the expression â€Å"for sell† instead of â€Å"for sale†? Short answer: Never. ESL learners must be puzzled when they see ads like these on the Web: I have a nice Play Station 3 drum set for sell for 35 dollars. We have a wristband for sell for $100 in the Des Moines, Ames, Carroll, Denison region of Iowa. Find out if there are other products like yours already  for sell. Cheap Authentic (unused) Cartridges for Sell Sell is a verb. Sale is a noun. Something that someone wants to sell is â€Å"for sale.† Purebred Border Collie Puppies for Sale Gently Used Clothing for Sale Reliable Used Cars for Sale The expression â€Å"on sale† may also present a little confusion to ESL speakers. Sometimes â€Å"on sale† means that items for sale are being sold at a price lower than normal: Prices slashed: all jump drives on sale at half price This weekend only: premium mowers on sale at 20% off When â€Å"on sale† is preceded by go, no drop in price is implied. â€Å"To go on sale† means â€Å"to become available for purchase†: Ticket packages offer the exclusive ability to select tickets before they go on sale (i.e., before people who don’t have ticket packages are allowed to buy them.) An iPhone with a Sapphire Screen May Go on Sale Soon (i.e., it may soon be possible to buy an iPhone with a sapphire screen) When will Google Glass finally go on sale? (i.e., when will Google Glass be available for purchase by consumers?) â€Å"For Sale† and â€Å"On Sale† have their uses, but â€Å"For Sell† is an unfortunate error. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Types of LanguageThe Six Spellings of "Long E"20 Criminal Terms You Should Know

Sport Diplomacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sport Diplomacy - Essay Example Sport provides a tool for governments to preserve and reinforce their international cohesion and retain their international prestige, and that is the main reason why the majority of states consider their participation in the Olympic Games mandatory, using the latter as an opportunity to enhance their economic and cultural images and to deliver political messages (Jaffe and Nebenzahl, 2006, p.68). Sport as well reflects trends occurring in ideological politics (Jaffe and Nebenzahl, 2006, p.71). As vividly explained by Jaffe and Nebenzahl (2006), during 1924 Olympic Games US rugby football team experienced significant aggression, which illustrated the German propaganda, impact of international politics on public opinion and the reversing side of sport events as diplomatic tool, a counter-diplomatic in this particular case (Jaffe and Nebenzahl, 2006, p.71). Furthermore, sport constitutes a mirror for international conflicts, relations, dilemmas and solutions, since one has only to take a look on the images and representations from big international competitions like The Football World Cup or the Olympic Games to identify depending on the historical period a certain national pride (the United States during most of the Olympic Games) or national malaise (Iraq Olympic Team in the last two Olympic Games). This particular paper aims to examine different situations on how sport is used as a part of political diplomatic strategy and how communicative tactics are utilized to enhance application of sports as a diplomatic and political tool. The first part of the paper discusses the role and scope of sport diplomacy, and communication and ethical dimensions of sport diplomacy. Simultaneously, the second part examines the origin of sport...From the theoretical perspective, sport diplomacy is defined as the utilization of sport to pursue political objectives (Senn, 1999, p.35). The scope of sport diplomacy ultimately depends on what political objectives should be met, therefore, sport diplomacy can be used as a tool of state internal affairs or a method aimed to enhance or worsen diplomatic relations between countries. Analyzing the application of sport as a diplomatic tool, it is necessary to emphasize that for many nations sports have served as a form of national identity. Successes by individuals have become symbolic of the nation (Ilmarinen, 1984, p.9). It seems that international sporting activities have been especially important when nations were either struggling for independence or consolidation (Lowe et al, 1978, p.51). As an example of the national importance of sport achievements, one can refer to the medals received by the South Korean athletes in the Seoul Olympics (Guttman, 1992, p.43). Their medals were regarded as valuable and signified national prestige in the country, which during that period was trying to i mprove its international and economic status. One might rationalize that sport diplomacy plays an important role in enhancing the social mobility of underdeveloped countries in the international arena. It would seem that the nationalistic character of sport diplomacy has become even more important to developed nations. The historical facts which identify the close relationship between sport diplomacy and political ideology are abundant

Write about Auguste Escoffier Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Write about Auguste Escoffier - Research Paper Example He moved to Carlton Hotel in 1899 to make his haunte cuisine familiar to the people. Emperor William II is reported to have said to Escoffier, "I am the emperor of Germany but you are the emperor of chefs"(Aakanksh, 13). He received an award of Legion of Honor in 1920 and was made officer of the order in 1928 (Aakanksh, 13). The beginning of 20th century made Escoffier France’s most skillful and popular chef. (Les, n.d) One of the most remarkable contributions made by Escoffier was to organize discipline in his kitchen by introducing a systematic method to eliminate chaos. This method was known as the brigade de cuisine system in which each section of the kitchen was to be handled by a different chef. Escoffier is popular all over the world. Even today his techniques, recipes, traditions and approaches to kitchen management remain highly influential today. (Les, n.d) Besides being a well known chef, Escoffier was a great writer as well. Le Guide culinaire (1903), Le Livre des menus (1912) and Ma cuisine (1934) are his books that have contributed to his writings. From 1911 to 1914, the monthly magazine Le Carnet d’epicure was published by Escoffier which became reputed in its time. Escoffier died on February 12 1935 in Monte-Carlo, Monacco. (Aakanksh,

Staples Case Write-Up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Staples Case Write-Up - Essay Example – which was enormous and still growing comprised of $85 million worth of office supplies sold annually which comprised of a range of product assortments such as paper clips, paper, folders, pens, pencils, envelopes, copy machines, furniture, and so on. The product range that could be included was also large and impressive providing further ground for increasing its profitability by segmenting its product line as per the target group. An industry structure could be determined by the number of players in the industry as well as by their size and distribution across various sectors in the industry. The existence of a large number of players naturally affects the profitability and competitive positioning of rival firms and determines the degree of competition as well as inter - firm rivalry. The industry that Staples ventured in / proposed to venture in was a niche area since there were hardly any superstores dealing entirely in office supplies. The industry had several small number of players mostly dominated by wholesalers, distributors, manufacturers and dealers. Overall the industry structure could be defined as small and fragmented. Also these small firms had commendable authority over the industry and commanded a large share of profits. Thus it could also be regarded as a consolidated industry and the market type could be categorized as oligopolistic, wherein a small number of players accounting for a large pa rt of market share although, this type of industry structure was dominant in most of the industry sectors in the U.S. The office supplies superstore industry, although relatively a new concept has the potential of slowly catching up on the trend mostly due to the high profit margins made available due to the business model offered by the large supermarket industry structure. The entry barriers in a highly fragmented industry are relatively low as compared to highly concentrated industries with large number of players. High profit margins and the presence

Innovation in Engineering Technology

Innovation in Engineering Technology Innovation in Engineering Technology India is known in the world for its manpower in the field of scientists and researchers. UNESCO in 2003 emphasized that â€Å"Education in a globalised society should ensure equality of access and request cult al diversity as well as national sovereignty. Globalization and internet has given a new face to our education system. The need of the millennium is to produce trained, responsible and well informed people committed to working for the betterment of the country’s future. It is a proven fact that â€Å"Engineering Education† forms the foundation on which future of the country is dependent upon. The main aim of this journal is to highlight different ideas of innovation in the field of engineering The first idea suggested is changing the education scenario. The main problem in our education scenario is the lack of qualified teachers, infrastructure, research and training-learning process. No doubt steps are being taken to overcome this problem. Now nineteen percent of the budget is allocated for education which used to be 7.7 percent in previous years. Moreover in India only twelve percent students go for higher education after completing their secondary education which is very less than the number in developed countries in which the number is around 70 percent. Another main alarm is the vocational training that needs to be given to a large no of people in our country. For providing excellence in teaching, research activities should be introduced. It is the need of every teacher. It encourages new ideas and innovations and helps in making the educational atmosphere enthusiastic. The education imparted by institutions will not be efficient, unless they adopt research and innovation. Worlds standard Engineering education include research and patenting including IPR related issues. These things enable students to learn skills of innovation and use these new technologies for solving current problems, which is very much essential to live in such a competitive world. Promoting meaningful, engaged learning with the precise use of new technology provides students the chance to interact with the wealth of resources. India is a place with bunch of manpower but lacks in teaching standards and resources due to which the economic growth and literacy rate of India is decreasing at a very rapid rate and the development of the country is almost negligible every year. Education institutions are facing a lot of challenges in providing us with cream students i.e. students who can succeed in this competitive world because of lack of qualified resources and subjects which make the students capable in the present hour. Some of the suggestions for improving the quality of education is firstly we need to change the scenario of education. Qualified teachers should be there in colleges with proper infrastructure and facilities. Moreover in addition to this research activities should be introduced in the studies to make the students capable for worldwide competition. Government should also help the institutions by providing funds for the same and encouraging students to go for higher studies for the future of the mselves and our country. Effective Usage of Libraries through Internet-A View Point Library is the place where one could find all the information needed for any use. All over the world they play a vital role in our life and for our higher education. Internet plays an important role in providing the information for its user in a larger way. One of the newest technology introduced in the libraries for finding out data is the use of computers. Though with this technology information is readily accessible to the users, many a times the information provided is not relevant. Because of this problem many users are not satisfied with data provided on internet. Due to this problem the main objective of the library is not satisfied. In this I am going to discuss some of the problems and solutions for the same. There are a number of users who use the library daily to search about one topic or the other. There are users from different categories and different age groups. These include school and college going students, graduates, scientists, doctors, planners, library staff, and academic staff etcetera. Nowadays people prefer surfing net for the information they require then finding that in books and journals by reading. For this purpose a large number of search engines are available. Whenever users enter any required keyword, search engines show all the queries related to that keyword from their database. Around one lakh links are shown for a single query. But the main dis-advantage of finding information on the internet is that in spite of a large number of links provided to each query, not even a single link is relevant for the user. This may be because for each query the search engines try to find out all the information corresponding to that query. The main advantage of using computers in library was time saving but due to this problem, it has turned into the main disadvantage. Now a lot of time of the user is spent in locating the exact information from the available web pages. The main solution for the above mentioned problem is the classification system. All the information provided on the internet should classify under one area or the other. By using this technique users will be provided with only the relevant data instead of a bulk of waste. Hence surfing internet will provide only relevant data to its users. This technique can also be integrated in search engines. They will generate unique classification number corresponding to the users query and search for that particular information equivalent to that number on the internet. Technology has taken a new face and the necessities of users are changing as per the advancement in the technology. So it is the need of hour to integrate the new technology for the ease of users. Seeking the disadvantage of this new technology we need to rectify it so as this technology proves to be a boon for. Also all the main objectives of libraries are satisfied and users gets information easily and at very fast speed. Challenges in achieving excellence in technical education The main key behind success and development of a society is education. Our country is developing very fast and is also far away from being called developed. India has improved technologically and economically in the field of agriculture, providing nuclear power, space technology, and defense etcetera. Mobile technology is growing tremendously in India. It is the need of the hour that the present generation i.e. the youngsters should be aware of the talents, aptitude so that they can create wonders in their field of interest. Moreover we need to unleash their creative potential by helping them do what they want to do. Due to complete transformation in the technology, there has been an increasing expectation for higher education in order to level up with the present technology. Unqualified and dearth of faculty is responsible for the loss of quality education. The graduates passed out from such institutions have to sit unemployed for large time increasing the unemployment rate of the country. Against this problem the National Knowledge Commission (NKT) has taken steps in order to build excellence in educational system so as to meet the knowledge requirements of 21st century and to increase India’s competitive knowledge and also to improve the management of institutions under Intellectual Property Rights. The center point of quality education and learning is teachers. Nothing can ever replace a good teacher. The core of our engineering education policies should be teacher training and retention. Other thing that effects quality education is capacity and competence building. India has got second position in Global Innovation Efficiency index. India’ s labor force is growing at 2.5% per annum while the employment growth rate is 2.3% only. After teachers it is the role of education institutes in shaping our country’s future. Maintaining international quality of engineering institutions in India is the main aim of ISTE. Under the financial assistance from AICTE innovative programs like faculty development are started by ISTE at express rate. National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT) is a mission initiated for providing connectivity, low cost computing device and valuable contents to all the higher education institutes in India. Proper definition of innovation should be taught to the students as the commercialized way of solving problems with advanced technologies. The global leader for research was India with 159 research areas in the five year span of 2006 to 2010. Engineering education in our country should be designed in such a way so that the engineers can fight with the trained manpower in solving technical as well as social problems. India has got a positive growth rate in the beginning of year 2012 that to with a very rapid rate. It is the most favorable place for the Multi National Companies (MNC’s) to invest. The rapid rate of increasing urbanization and industrialization is acting as a catalyst towards the growth of India. It highlights how all the things stated above can be bring to action in order to meet the challenges faced by engineers in our country. References: R. Murugesan (JANUARY-mARCH 2013).The Indian Journal of Technical Education. Challenges in Acheiving Excellence in Technical education. 36(1), 1-5. N. R. Shetty (JANUARY-mARCH 2010).The Indian Journal of Technical Education. Innovation in Engineering education. 33(1), 15-19. N. Rajesh (April-June, 2013).The Indian Journal of Technical Education. Effective Usage of Libraries through Internet-a View Point. 36(2), 60-62.

The Role of Technology in Warfare Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research

â€Å"History does not teach that better technology necessarily leads to victory. Rather victory goes to the commander who uses technology better, or who can deny the enemy his technology.† –Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (qtd. in Schwartau 540) As the future of warfare becomes more sophisticated, what will be the military technology of tomorrow? The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO, believes that there are three possible answers to that question: nuclear warfare, biological/chemical warfare, or cyber warfare. While nuclear and biological warfare is conducted on a battlefield, cyber warfare operates via the Internet and computers. All of these weapons have the same destructive potential, but the circumstances surrounding their uses and aftereffects are very different. With what new technology will a commander in World War III fight? Military commanders of the future will make greater use of state-of-the-art computer technology to fight wars, making the usage of conventional weapons obsolete. Since the beginning of military history, the commander who made the best use of technology always won. No matter if it was the arrows and tomahawks of the Native Americans against the guns and cannons of the European settlers, or the order given by President Harry Truman to drop two nuclear bombs on Japan, the army with the preeminent technology always came out on top. â€Å"A short time ago, an American airplane dropped one bomb on Hiroshima and destroyed its usefulness to the enemy. That bomb has more power than 20,000 tons of TNT (qtd. in Hiroshima).† This quote by Harry Truman describes the power of the first option, nuclear warfare. German and Austrian scientists, working for Adolf Hitler, created plans for a nuclear weap... .... 2000. Works Consulted Clinton, William Jefferson. Address. Address concerning Computer Security. White House, Washington, DC. 7 January 2000. *Cohen, Fred. . 6 Feb. 2000. E-mail to the Author. 6 Feb. 2000. Douglass Jr., Joseph D. â€Å"Chemical and Biological Warfare Unmasked.† 2 Nov. 1995. InfoManage. 18 January 2000 Haeni, Reto. â€Å"Infowar.† January 1997: 16 pp. Icove, David, Karl Seger, and William VonStorch. â€Å"Computer Crime: A Crimefighter’s Handbook.† Sebastopol: O’Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1995. Stocker, Gerfried, and Christine Schà ¶pf. â€Å"Infowar.† Austria: SpringerWeienNewYork, 1998. United States. President of the United States. National Plan for Information Systems Protection. Washington: 2000.

Americans with Disabilities Act 1

Americans with Disabilities Act The Americans with Disabilities Act Overview of the ADA of 1990 including its intended purpose, and what governmental agency oversees ADA claims The Americans with Disability Act (ADA) of 1990 was enacted by the United States Congress, signed into law by George H. W. Bush on July 26, 1990, and amended in 2009 where some changes were introduced to the act. ADA is a civil rights’ law that was intended to check against discrimination that can be encountered by disabled persons in the course of accessing certain services or taking part in day-to-day activities. It safeguards disabled persons against any form of bias or prejudice with respect to their condition. Whatever falls under category of disability is normally made on case-to-case basis. However, current substance abuse and visual impairment that can be remedied by lenses are not considered as disabilities by the ADA of 1990. The law was initially intended to guarantee civil right protection for people who were permanently disabled and their disabilities could not be reversed or weakened. The law was enacted enable disable persons access services enjoyed by persons who are not disabled thereby opening their horizons to all types of careers. The drafters wanted the law to be flexible to guard against eminent weakening by future case laws. To enable disabled persons enjoy equal rights with everyone else, President G. W. Bush signed ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) into law on September 2008 (Matt, 1). Title I of the ADA 1990 deals with employment. It empowers people with disability with requisite qualifications to seek for employment in covered entities. People with disabilities can be hired, discharged, compensated, and trained just like any other worker without being discriminated. Agencies that are covered by the law include an employment agencies, labor organizations, and labor management committees. As per Title I, discrimination entails restricting job application in a manner contrary to convention, preventing qualified persons people from applying or taking up job opportunities, or making irrational and illegal job requirements to limit persons with disabilities. If entrance medical examinations have to be done, everybody else should be subjected to the process and the medical records must be treated with a lot of confidentiality. This title does not offer protection to individuals currently engaged in illegal use of drugs (Matt, 1). Title II of the Act deals with Public entities. This title prohibits any form of discrimination that can be met on the people with disability by public entities at local and state levels. Access here implies both physical and pragmatic access. It is supposed to check against discriminatory policies instituted by such public entities. It applies to public transportation that public entities offer (Matt, 1). Title III captures public accommodation and commercial facilities. The title criminalizes discrimination based on disability with special focus on full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, or accommodations of any public accommodation by the proprietors, leasers, or operators. Public accommodation here means recreational facilities, lodgings, transportation, educational, and places of public displays. Under this title, all new constructions have to comply with Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines anchored in the Code of Federal Regulations. This title also applies to existing facilities. Exemptions to the regulation provided in the title include private clubs and religious organizations. However, historical properties and other public and private buildings must comply with the provisions of this title and failure may lead to legal proceedings. However, if following usual standards threaten to destroy historical significance of the feature of the building, they are under obligation to use other standards (Matt, 2). Title IV of the ADA deals with telecommunications. This title amended the Communications Act of 1934. All telecommunication companies are required to cater for the needs of the disabled especially the deaf and those with speech impairment (Matt, 3). Title V of ADA deals with miscellaneous provisions that are basically technical provisions. It also includes anti-retaliation or coercion provisions. Many government agencies act in concert to ensure that the ADA of 1990 is implemented. The United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission presides over employment related ADA provisions. The Department of Transportation regulates statutes related transportation. Other agencies include United States Department of Agriculture, Department of labor, Department of Education, United States Department of Interior, United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, United States Department of Health and Human Services, and Federal Communications Commission (Matt, 4). Statutory definition of â€Å"disability† and â€Å"reasonable accommodation† under the ADA of 1990 The ADA Act of 1990 defines disability as an impairment that substantially limits major life activity. ADA defines impairment as a physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, anatomical, neurological, musculoskeletal, respiratory, cardiovascular, reproductive losses. The Act further defines impairment as a mental or psychological disorder. Nevertheless, the explanations of impairment under the ADA regulation do not include physical traits, common personality traits, cultural and economic aspects as these elements come naturally and cannot be altered by man (Matt, 1). The Act excludes certain statutory requirements while trying to define disability like those currently using illegal drugs. Emotional acts such as thought, focus, and making contact with others also make up major life activities in reference to the EEOC. The phrase substantially limits features in the ADA definition of disability. An impairment on qualifies to be a disability if it limits life activities. For an impairment to be referred to as a disability, a person must be meaningfully limited in his or her competency to undertake certain activities relative to the average person drawn from the general public. Some of the very essential aspects to consider in this area are nature and extent of the disability, the time interval that the persons has been disabled, and how the impairment affects the individual’s ability to partake in everyday tasks (Acemoglu and Angrist 920). Reasonable accommodation in the ADA of 1990 protects persons with disabilities by ensuring that other than provision of physical access to buildings and provision of equal access to programs and services, this category of citizens access auxiliary services, aids, and removal of barriers in public utilities provided that this does not create undue administrative or financial burdens. The ADA 1990 defines reasonable ccommodation to entail â€Å"making existing facilities used by employees readily accessible and usable by disabled persons, job restructuring, part time or modified work schedules, re-advertisement to vacant person, acquisition or modification of equipment or devices and appropriate adjustment or modification of examination† (Matt, 5). Discuss the Supreme Court's decisions in Sutton and Toyota Manufacturing In Williams’s case, The Supreme Court visited the question of severity of a condition that qualifies it to be a protected disability. The Supreme Court held that the employee’s medical condition known as carpal tunnel syndrome was not a disability because it was not substantially limiting. It was further stated that for an impairment to be referred to as a disability, it has to prevent or severely restrict a person from undertaking in tasks that are of essential value to a person in everyday life. The court underscored the need for strict interpretation of the phrase ‘’substantially limits. ’ The ruling in Williams’s case brought into fore the inability of ADA to accommodate cases characterized by dismissal of many disability cases (Raddatz, 2). In Sutton v. United Airlines, the plaintiff sued for discriminative acts by a potential employer. In the case, the plaintiffs were two twin myopic sisters who had applied for employment as commercial pilots but their request was rejected because they did not attain the minimum value for uncorrected eyesight. The Supreme Court held that the question of whether somebody is disabled and thus be protected by ADA must be looked at with reference to all mitigating measures. For instance, if a person is severely limited in undertaking day-to-day activities without medical intervention but is only slightly limited to undertaking these tasks after medical interventions, the medical intervention serves to negate the impairment from being referred to as a disability as outlined in the ADA (Raddatz, 1). The ADAAA of 2008 including its intended purpose and significant changes from the ADA of 1990 The ADAAA 2008 is an Act of the Congress that went into operation on January 1, 2009. It amended the ADA of 1990 and other nondiscrimination laws that were drafted for the good of people with disability at state and federal levels. The amendment was introduced with respect to myriad Supreme Court rulings on ADA 1990. THE Supreme Court decisions were viewed by the members of the United States Congress as limiting the rights of people with disabilities (Schall, pp. 192). The ADAAA indeed reversed those decisions. With respect to ADA Title I, ADAAA changed the definition of disability. It clarified and broadened its definition. One notable contribution of this amendment is to take into consideration of both the employer and employee. With ADAAA 2008, courts are expected to interpret ADA and other Federal disability non-discrimination laws and determine whether the covered entity has discriminated. This law preserves the original meaning definition of law as written in the ADA but alters the way that statutory term should be construed (Matt, 5). Legal analysis of Billy and Mandy's requests applying both the ADA and ADAAA Based on the Americans with Disability Act of 1990, Mandy’s request should not be honored because she is not substantially limited in her daily activities without using medical interventions like consulting an optician to initiate corrective measures to remedy far sightedness. However, with the ADAAA, her request should be granted because the Act prohibits consideration of medication and low vision devices in determining whether a condition is a disability. Billy Beer’s request has to be granted because according to the Reasonable Accommodation and from the definition of disability in Title I, Billy’s condition is covered and indeed considered a disability. Moreover, ADAAA prioritizes discrimination initiated by covered entity as opposed to whether the person seeking protection under law has impairment that fits the statutory definition of disability. Works Cited Acemoglu, Daron and Angrist, Joshua D. Consequences of Employment Protection? The Case of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Journal of Political Economy 109(6), 2001, 915–957. Matt, Susan. Reasonable Accommodation: What does the Law Really Require. Journal of the Association of Medical Professionals with hearing Loses, 1(1), 2003, 1-13 Raddatz, Alissa. ADA Amendments overrule Supreme Court Decisions on What Constitutes Disability. 2009. Web. 3 Dec. 2011. Schall, Carol M. The Americans with Disabilities Act—Are We Keeping Our Promise? An Analysis of the Effect of the ADA on the Employment of Persons with Disabilities. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation 10(9), 1998, 191-203.

Resistant Strains of HIV essays

Resistant Strains of HIV essays You are coughing, sneezing, have a runny nose and your body aches. Most of us have had the flu and know exactly the symptoms I am speaking of. Well, what if you went to your doctor and were treated with antibiotics and such, but just didn't get well. Would you think twice about it? Would you wonder what was wrong with you? Or would you blow it off as a bad flu season? Stephen Marcus, a 25 year old male from Los Angeles, blew it off. He didn't think twice about it. Didn't really know any better. Stephen wasn't suffering from the flu, though. After three months of this "cold," as he called it, Stephen was finally diagnosed with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. This isn't the worst of Stephen's story, though. After following the highly complex triple-therapy drug regimen, otherwise know as a "cocktail" for six months, Stephen's condition was not improving. He returned to his doctor only to find out that he had been exposed to a virus that was resistant to the now traditional drug cocktail therapy. According to the Journal of the American Medical Association, March 14, 2001, approximately 14% of newly infected people are infected by a strain of the virus that is already resistant to one or more of the antiretroviral drugs. Today I will educate you on the topic of HIV, more specifically, these drug resistant strains. I will begin by telling you what causes resistance to the antiretroviral drugs. I will then illustrate how these strains are effecting treatments of HIV patients, and will finish by informing you of the Center for Disease Controls plan to keep new infections from increasing in America. There are several ways resistant strains of HIV can form. Because the virus reproduces so rapidly mistakes, called mutations, are common. Most of these mutations during replication cause the virus particle to become so weak that it cant reproduce. Those mutated strains do not pose any harm. Other mutations, though, can make ...

Harvard Essay Format

Harvard Essay Format Harvard Style Paper Guidelines Harvard Style Cover Page Harvard essay format is very specific and organized. It requires a very particular title page with the following instructions: The title of the paper is placed halfway down the page and written in capital letters. After the title, three lines down write the name of the author in small letters. Move four lines down and place the name of the class. Move one line down put the name of the professor. The next line entails the name of the school. Then move to the next and write the city and state located and the final line should have the date. The cover page of the Harvard essay format gives you all the information one needs to know about the author in question. There are several key components to note when using the Harvard format. The title in a Harvard essay format is right justified. A partial title expresses the main idea in the essay between it, and the page number is exactly five spaces. The Harvard essay format cover sheet would like roughly like this: The Harvard Essay Template by (Name of the author) Name of the Class (Course) Professor Name of University City and State where university is located Date Here are other essay formatting styles: APA ESSAY FORMAT MLA ESSAY FORMAT Paragraphs in a Harvard Format Essay The Harvard essay format paragraphs are highly structured. The first section of the article is supposed to be captivating and entertaining. The article may begin  with a lively quotation or an interesting fact and information that sheds light on the essay in question. The introduction should smoothly lead to the thesis statement. The thesis statement refers to the main idea of the sentence and a summary of what the article body entails. The first sentence in the body paragraph should tell the reader what the paragraph is discussing. The topic sentence is followed by supporting facts that relate to it. The details in the supporting sentences can be facts, quotations or analysis. The paragraph then concludes with a sentence that summarizes what the paragraph is about and leads into the next section smoothly. Subheadings can also be used to introduce new subtopics and are italicized. Transition between the Paragraphs Writing an article using the Harvard format one should show the transition from one paragraph to the next and these paragraphs should be interconnected. The topic should gradually grow from one point to the next. A paragraph in Harvard format has three parts: The topic sentence Supporting details   Closing sentence form Citations in a Harvard Style Paper One can use in-text citations. With the Harvard style, a quote uses the authors name and first initial, year of publication and page number where the information appears. Citation for each fact is provided, if not it is considered plagiarism which is a serious offense. In-text citations for example from J. K. Rowling book published in 2004 page 45 would look like (Rowling J.K,2004,45).These quotes make the Harvard format essay easy to understand and comprehend as one read. Harvard style uses a standard font such as Times New Roman or Arial at size 12.  Fancy fonts are not allowed because the Harvard format is used in writing outstanding academic and research essays. The essay should be double-spaced  with smooth left margins. In the Harvard format titles of journals, newspapers or books or websites are italicized in in-text citations while that of poems and short stories is written in quotation marks.  This helps readers know what they are referring to read quickly through an essay written in the Harvard format. Conclusion The conclusion of a Harvard format essay is vital and should be written with high accuracy understanding and mastery. The first sentence of the conclusion is used to put emphasis on the thesis statement and remind the reader what the essay has proved showed or theorized. After the first sentence provides brief information of the main points that were discussed throughout the whole piece to encourage remembrance of the most important points that were discussed. It mainly involves a summary of the main points of the article in other words. The essay should then finish with an outstanding powerful message that leaves the reader still thinking minutes or hours after they have finished reading the article. The conclusion is followed by the reference page which consists of the reference list and is placed in its page known as the reference page. The general format of a Harvard essay referencing is referenced as follows: Book Authors Last Name, First Initial Year of publication The title of book (capitalized) City of Publication: Publisher

Read Articles and point out important points Essay

Read Articles and point out important points - Essay Example In addition, values and protocols that exist in the current culture that are viewed as essential for the required change must be reinforced and utilized. It is equally important to promote a participative environment by minimizing resistances to change. Let the members have time to internalize the change and provide coping mechanisms during the transitional stress while dealing accordingly with burden members of the organization. Finally, the momentum of change must be maintained by constantly and publicly recognizing the new behaviors and achievements, especially on the individual level. Change can be based on economic value and organizational capability. The economic value is usually measured by shareholder value while organizational capability rests on the development of corporate culture and is measured by employee’s commitment and learning behavior. The hard approach (economic value) normally involves heavy use of economic incentives, drastic layoffs, downsizing, and restructuring. In contrast, soft approach (organizational capability) involves feedback systems, reflective management and participative environment. The six dimensions of corporate change are goals, leadership, focus, process, reward system, and use of consultants. The challenge for leaders is how economic value and organizational capability theories must be combined and applied in the dimensions of corporate change. In this synergy of theories, change can happen by increasing productivity while enriching your corporate culture with intelligent and practical use of resources and external entities. This can be implemented through flexible and collaborative effort, to some extent, of executives with much knowledge and dedication to direct and immerse to the level of their subordinates. In a knowledge-based economy, in which value creation depends increasingly

Independente Movie Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Independente Movie Review - Essay Example Each of these acronyms or words in plastic is synonymous with bad news to the world and the future generations. Nevertheless, a majority of people have failed to understand, or maybe ignored to investigate, the problems posed by continual use of plastic. Addicted to Plastic, a documentary by Ian Connacher, sought to educate people on plastic and its dangers. This point of view documentary is excellent, fascinating, and fear provoking all in one package. Despite the documentary providing a viewer with some moments of humor, the music-video part in the documentary may seem tiresome to some individuals. Nevertheless, the video is a must-see not only to environmental enthusiasts, but also to every member of the society since the use of plastic is multifaceted. The movie took three years of work covering five continents, twelve countries, and two trips to the Pacific Ocean in effect detailing more than one hundred years of using plastic. In this case, the movie provides a history of plastic, provides experts analysis on issues related to toxicity, pollution, recycling of plastic, and biodegradability. In addition, the movie offers solutions to the plastic problem and highlights some of the measures people in some countries are taking in order to deal with the problems related to plastic. One interesting thing from the movie that I liked was Ian Connacher’s use of facts and statistics to explain the problem of plastic, especially on its disposal in the ocean. In this case, Ian associated the toxins used in manufacturing of plastics to the rise of cancer levels and deaths in the world. Thus, viewers are able to realize the dangers that plastic posed to the entire world and take definitive steps aimed at preventing more deaths from cancer due to pollution by plastic. On the other hand, I agree with the documentarys concern on the overall effects of plastic on all ecosystems and each segment of human activities. In this regard, it is evident that plastic